Indications

Flucloxin (Flucloxacillin) is a penicillinase-resistant penicillin antibiotic used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive organisms, including penicillinase-producing Staphylococci. It is used for:

• Skin and soft tissue infections: Boils, abscesses, cellulitis, infected wounds, impetigo, and infected burns.
• Respiratory tract infections: Pneumonia, lung abscess, empyema, sinusitis, and tonsillitis.
• Other infections: Osteomyelitis, endocarditis, septicemia, urinary tract infections, and meningitis caused by susceptible organisms.
• Prophylaxis: It can be used to prevent infections during major surgical procedures, such as cardiothoracic and orthopedic surgery.

Pharmacology

Flucloxacillin is a bactericidal antibiotic that kills bacteria by inhibiting the formation of their cell walls. Its unique structure makes it resistant to breakdown by beta-lactamase enzymes produced by some bacteria.

Dosage & Administration

• Oral:
  • Adults: 250 mg four times daily, or up to 500 mg four times daily for severe infections. For osteomyelitis and endocarditis, up to 8 gm daily in divided doses.
  • Children (2-10 years): Half of the adult dose.
  • Children (under 2 years): One-quarter of the adult dose.
  • Oral doses should be taken at least 1 hour before a meal.
• Parenteral (Intramuscular/Intravenous):
  • Adults/Elderly: 250 mg four times daily (IM) or 250 mg-1 gm four times daily (IV). Doses can be doubled for severe infections.
• Special Populations: Dose reduction or extended dose intervals may be needed for patients with severe renal failure.

Contraindications

• Patients with a history of hypersensitivity or major allergy to penicillins or cephalosporins.
• Patients with a history of Flucloxacillin-associated jaundice or hepatic dysfunction.

Side Effects

Side effects are generally mild and temporary, including gastrointestinal issues like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Other reported side effects, though rare, include skin rashes, hepatitis, and cholestatic jaundice.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Flucloxacillin is a US FDA Pregnancy Category B drug. It should only be used during pregnancy if clearly needed. It is excreted in human milk, so caution is advised when administering to a lactating mother.

Precautions & Warnings

• Use with caution in patients with hepatic or renal impairment.
• Caution is advised when using in patients with a history of allergies.
• The possibility of superinfections should be kept in mind during prolonged therapy.

Therapeutic Class

Flucloxin is a penicillinase-resistant penicillin.

Storage Conditions

Keep in a dry place away from light and heat, and out of the reach of children.