Indications
This medication manages edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, premenstrual tension, and renal dysfunction (nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, chronic renal failure). It also treats hypertension alone or with other antihypertensive agents.
রেজিস্টার্ড চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ মোতাবেক ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Pharmacology
As a thiazide diuretic, it inhibits sodium/chloride reabsorption in renal distal convoluted tubules, promoting fluid excretion. May cause potassium loss and elevated uric acid. Its antihypertensive action involves vascular smooth muscle calcium-activated potassium channel activation and carbonic anhydrase inhibition.

Dosage & Administration

• Edema: Initial: 25–50 mg daily; Maintenance: Lowest effective dose (max 100 mg/day)

• Hypertension: 25 mg once daily; may increase to 50 mg if needed

• Elderly: Consider starting at 12.5 mg daily

• Children: 1–2 mg/kg/day in divided doses

• Infants <6 months: Up to 3 mg/kg/day
  রেজিস্টার্ড চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ মোতাবেক ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Interaction

• Antacids/NSAIDs: May reduce efficacy

• Antidiabetics: Dose adjustment may be needed

• Corticosteroids: Potentiate hypokalemia

• Digoxin: Hypokalemia increases toxicity risk

• Cholestyramine/Colestipol: Reduce absorption

• Lithium: Contraindicated (risk of toxicity)

Contraindications
Anuria, sulfonamide hypersensitivity, severe renal/hepatic impairment, Addison’s disease, hypercalcemia, concurrent lithium use.

Side Effects

• Common: Nausea, dizziness, hypokalemia, hyperuricemia

• Serious: Pancreatitis, jaundice, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anaphylaxis, toxic epidermal necrolysis

• Renal: Interstitial nephritis, renal failure

Pregnancy & Lactation

• Crosses placenta; may cause fetal jaundice/thrombocytopenia. Avoid in healthy pregnant women.

• Excreted in breast milk; discontinue nursing if essential.

Precautions & Warnings

• Monitor electrolytes (especially K⁺, Na⁺), glucose, uric acid, and renal function.

• Caution in hepatic impairment, gout, diabetes, SLE, or parathyroid disorders.

• Discontinue before parathyroid function tests.

Overdose Effects
Symptoms: Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia/hyponatremia), hypotension.
Management: Gastric lavage, electrolyte correction, cardiovascular support.

Therapeutic Class
Thiazide diuretic

Storage Conditions
Store below 30°C in dry, dark place. Keep away from children.